Engine-Pong/Shared/Network/NetworkManagerSlo.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;

using Syntriax.Engine.Core;

namespace Syntriax.Engine.Network;

public class NetworkManagerSlo : UniverseObject, INetworkManager
{
    private readonly List<(Type packetType, Delegate callback)> packetDelegates = [];

    private readonly Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<Type, List<DelegateData>>> clientListenerDelegates = [];
    private readonly Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<Type, List<DelegateData>>> serverListenerDelegates = [];

    private readonly Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>>> clientPacketListeners = [];
    private readonly Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>>> serverPacketListeners = [];

    private readonly Dictionary<string, INetworkEntity> _networkEntities = [];
    private readonly BehaviourCollector<INetworkEntity> _networkEntityCollector = new();

    public IReadOnlyDictionary<string, INetworkEntity> NetworkEntities => _networkEntities;
    public IBehaviourCollector<INetworkEntity> NetworkEntityCollector => _networkEntityCollector;

    private INetworkCommunicator _networkCommunicator = null!;
    public INetworkCommunicator NetworkCommunicator
    {
        get => _networkCommunicator;
        set
        {
            if (_networkCommunicator == value)
                return;

            INetworkCommunicator previousCommunicator = _networkCommunicator;
            _networkCommunicator = value;

            if (previousCommunicator is not null)
                UnsubscribeDelegates(previousCommunicator);

            if (_networkCommunicator is not null)
                SubscribeDelegates(_networkCommunicator);
        }
    }

    #region Network Communicator Subscriptions
    private static MethodInfo? GetCommunicatorMethod(string methodName)
        => typeof(INetworkCommunicator).GetMethod(methodName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);

    private void SubscribeDelegates(INetworkCommunicator communicator)
    {
        MethodInfo subscribeMethod = GetCommunicatorMethod(nameof(INetworkCommunicator.SubscribeToPackets))!;

        foreach ((Type packetType, Delegate callback) in packetDelegates)
        {
            MethodInfo genericMethod = subscribeMethod.MakeGenericMethod(packetType);
            genericMethod.Invoke(communicator, [callback]);
        }
    }

    private void UnsubscribeDelegates(INetworkCommunicator communicator)
    {
        MethodInfo unsubscribeMethod = GetCommunicatorMethod(nameof(INetworkCommunicator.UnsubscribeFromPackets))!;

        foreach ((Type packetType, Delegate callback) in packetDelegates)
        {
            MethodInfo genericMethod = unsubscribeMethod.MakeGenericMethod(packetType);
            genericMethod.Invoke(communicator, [callback]);
        }
    }
    #endregion

    #region Engine Callbacks
    private void OnEntityCollected(IBehaviourCollector<INetworkEntity> sender, IBehaviourCollector<INetworkEntity>.BehaviourCollectedArguments args)
    {
        INetworkEntity entity = args.BehaviourCollected;

        if (!_networkEntities.TryAdd(entity.Id, entity))
            throw new Exception($"Unable to add {entity.Id} to {nameof(NetworkManager)}");

        RegisterEntityListeners(entity);
    }

    private void OnEntityRemoved(IBehaviourCollector<INetworkEntity> sender, IBehaviourCollector<INetworkEntity>.BehaviourRemovedArguments args)
    {
        INetworkEntity removedBehaviour = args.BehaviourRemoved;
        if (!_networkEntities.Remove(args.BehaviourRemoved.Id))
            return;

        UnRegisterEntityListeners(removedBehaviour);
    }

    protected override void OnExitingUniverse(IUniverse universe)
    {
        _networkEntityCollector.Unassign();
    }

    protected override void OnEnteringUniverse(IUniverse universe)
    {
        _networkEntityCollector.Assign(universe);
        NetworkCommunicator = this.GetRequiredUniverseObjectInParent<INetworkCommunicator>();
    }
    #endregion

    #region Packet Retrieval
    private void OnPacketReceived<T>(string senderClientId, T packet)
    {
        if (packet is IEntityNetworkPacket entityPacket)
            RouteEntityPacket(senderClientId, entityPacket.EntityId, packet);
        else
            RouteBroadcastPacket(senderClientId, packet!);
    }

    private void RouteEntityPacket<T>(string senderClientId, string entityId, T packet)
    {
        if (NetworkCommunicator is INetworkCommunicatorClient)
            InvokeListenerIfExists(clientPacketListeners, entityId, senderClientId, packet!);

        if (NetworkCommunicator is INetworkCommunicatorServer)
            InvokeListenerIfExists(serverPacketListeners, entityId, senderClientId, packet!);
    }

    private void RouteBroadcastPacket<T>(string senderClientId, T packet)
    {
        if (NetworkCommunicator is INetworkCommunicatorClient)
            InvokeAllListeners(clientPacketListeners, senderClientId, packet!);

        if (NetworkCommunicator is INetworkCommunicatorServer)
            InvokeAllListeners(serverPacketListeners, senderClientId, packet!);
    }

    private static void InvokeListenerIfExists<T>(
        Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>>> listeners,
        string entityId,
        string senderClientId,
        T packet)
    {
        if (!listeners.TryGetValue(packet!.GetType(), out Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>>? entityListeners))
            return;

        if (entityListeners.TryGetValue(entityId, out Event<string, object>? listenerEvent))
            listenerEvent.Invoke(senderClientId, packet);
    }

    private static void InvokeAllListeners<T>(
        Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>>> listeners,
        string senderClientId,
        T packet)
    {
        if (!listeners.TryGetValue(packet!.GetType(), out Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>>? entityListeners))
            return;

        foreach ((string _, Event<string, object> listenerEvent) in entityListeners)
            listenerEvent.Invoke(senderClientId, packet);
    }
    #endregion

    #region Listener Setups
    private void RegisterEntityListeners(INetworkEntity entity)
    {
        RegisterEntityListenersForSide(entity, clientListenerDelegates, clientPacketListeners, isServer: false);
        RegisterEntityListenersForSide(entity, serverListenerDelegates, serverPacketListeners, isServer: true);
    }

    private static void RegisterEntityListenersForSide(
        INetworkEntity entity,
        Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<Type, List<DelegateData>>> listenerDelegates,
        Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>>> packetListeners,
        bool isServer)
    {
        if (!listenerDelegates.TryGetValue(entity.GetType(), out Dictionary<Type, List<DelegateData>>? interfaceDelegates))
            return;

        foreach ((Type interfaceType, List<DelegateData> delegateDataList) in interfaceDelegates)
            foreach ((Type parameterType, MethodInfo receiveMethod) in delegateDataList)
            {
                Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>> listeners = GetOrCreateListenersForPacketType(packetListeners, parameterType);
                Event<string, object> listenerEvent = CreateListenerEvent(entity, receiveMethod, isServer);
                listeners.Add(entity.Id, listenerEvent);
            }
    }

    private void UnRegisterEntityListeners(INetworkEntity entity)
    {
        UnregisterEntityListenersForSide(entity, clientListenerDelegates, clientPacketListeners);
        UnregisterEntityListenersForSide(entity, serverListenerDelegates, serverPacketListeners);
    }

    private static void UnregisterEntityListenersForSide(
        INetworkEntity entity,
        Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<Type, List<DelegateData>>> listenerDelegates,
        Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>>> packetListeners)
    {
        if (!listenerDelegates.TryGetValue(entity.GetType(), out Dictionary<Type, List<DelegateData>>? interfaceDelegates))
            return;

        foreach ((Type interfaceType, List<DelegateData> delegateDataList) in interfaceDelegates)
            foreach ((Type parameterType, MethodInfo receiveMethod) in delegateDataList)
            {
                Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>> listeners = GetOrCreateListenersForPacketType(packetListeners, parameterType);

                if (!listeners.TryGetValue(entity.Id, out Event<string, object>? listenerEvent))
                    continue;

                listeners.Remove(entity.Id);
                listenerDelegates.Clear();
            }
    }

    private static Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>> GetOrCreateListenersForPacketType(
        Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>>> packetListeners,
        Type packetType)
    {
        if (!packetListeners.TryGetValue(packetType, out Dictionary<string, Event<string, object>>? listeners))
        {
            listeners = [];
            packetListeners.Add(packetType, listeners);
        }
        return listeners;
    }

    private static Event<string, object> CreateListenerEvent(INetworkEntity entity, MethodInfo receiveMethod, bool isServer)
    {
        Event<string, object> listenerEvent = new();

        if (isServer)
            listenerEvent.AddListener((sender, packet) => receiveMethod.Invoke(entity, [sender, packet]));
        else
            listenerEvent.AddListener((sender, packet) => receiveMethod.Invoke(entity, [packet]));

        return listenerEvent;
    }
    #endregion

    #region Initialization
    private static IEnumerable<Type> DiscoverPacketTypes()
        => AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
            .SelectMany(a => a.GetTypes())
            .Where(
                t => typeof(INetworkPacket).IsAssignableFrom(t)
                    && !t.IsInterface
                    && !t.IsAbstract
                    && !t.IsGenericType
            );

    private static IEnumerable<Type> DiscoverClassesImplementing(Type interfaceType)
        => AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
            .SelectMany(a => a.GetTypes())
            .Where(
                t => t.GetInterfaces().Any(
                    i => i.IsGenericType && i.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == interfaceType
                )
            );

    private static IEnumerable<Type> GetInterfacesOfType(Type type, Type interfaceType)
        => type.GetInterfaces().Where(i => i.IsGenericType && i.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == interfaceType);

    private static void CacheListenerDelegatesForSide(Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<Type, List<DelegateData>>> targetCache, Type listenerInterfaceType, string methodName)
    {
        IEnumerable<Type> listenerClasses = DiscoverClassesImplementing(listenerInterfaceType);

        foreach (Type listenerClass in listenerClasses)
        {
            Dictionary<Type, List<DelegateData>> interfaceListeners = [];
            targetCache.Add(listenerClass, interfaceListeners);

            IEnumerable<Type> interfaces = GetInterfacesOfType(listenerClass, listenerInterfaceType);

            foreach (Type listenerInterface in interfaces)
            {
                Type packetType = listenerInterface.GetGenericArguments().First();

                List<DelegateData> methods = listenerInterface.GetMethods()
                    .Where(m => m.Name == methodName)
                    .Select(m => new DelegateData(packetType, m))
                    .ToList();

                interfaceListeners.Add(packetType, methods);
            }
        }
    }

    private void CacheListenerDelegates()
    {
        CacheListenerDelegatesForSide(clientListenerDelegates, typeof(IPacketListenerClient<>), nameof(IPacketListenerClient<INetworkEntity>.OnClientPacketArrived));
        CacheListenerDelegatesForSide(serverListenerDelegates, typeof(IPacketListenerServer<>), nameof(IPacketListenerServer<INetworkEntity>.OnServerPacketArrived));
    }

    private void CachePacketDelegates()
    {
        IEnumerable<Type> packetTypes = DiscoverPacketTypes();
        MethodInfo onPacketReceivedMethod = GetType().GetMethod(
            nameof(OnPacketReceived),
            BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance
        )!;

        foreach (Type packetType in packetTypes)
        {
            MethodInfo genericMethod = onPacketReceivedMethod.MakeGenericMethod(packetType);
            Type delegateType = typeof(Event<,>.EventHandler).MakeGenericType(typeof(string), packetType);
            Delegate packetDelegate = Delegate.CreateDelegate(delegateType, this, genericMethod);

            packetDelegates.Add((packetType, packetDelegate));
        }
    }

    public NetworkManagerSlo()
    {
        CachePacketDelegates();
        CacheListenerDelegates();

        _networkEntityCollector.OnCollected.AddListener(OnEntityCollected);
        _networkEntityCollector.OnRemoved.AddListener(OnEntityRemoved);
    }
    #endregion

    private readonly record struct DelegateData(Type ParameterType, MethodInfo ReceiveMethod)
    {
        public static implicit operator (Type ParameterType, MethodInfo ReceiveMethod)(DelegateData value)
            => (value.ParameterType, value.ReceiveMethod);

        public static implicit operator DelegateData((Type ParameterType, MethodInfo ReceiveMethod) value)
            => new(value.ParameterType, value.ReceiveMethod);
    }
}